E-Bike Classes Explained: Class 1 vs 2 vs 3 (and Where You Can Ride)
Updated 2026-09-25
In the US, most e-bikes fall into one of three classes. The class isn't about quality or power — it's about how the motor helps you and how fast it helps. That, in turn, decides where you're allowed to ride.
The three classes
| Class | Motor helps when… | Assistance stops at | Throttle? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 | You pedal | 20 mph | No |
| Class 2 | You pedal or use the throttle | 20 mph | Yes |
| Class 3 | You pedal | 28 mph | Varies by state |
All three are generally limited to a motor rated at 750W or less. You can ride faster than the limit under your own power — the motor just stops helping.
Why the class matters
Most US states have adopted this three-class system, and they use it to set access rules:
- Class 1 is the most widely allowed. Many bike paths and a growing number of mountain bike trails permit Class 1 but not the others.
- Class 2 is usually treated like Class 1 on roads and bike lanes, but some multi-use paths and trails exclude bikes with throttles.
- Class 3 is typically limited to roads and on-street bike lanes. Some states also set a minimum rider age or require a helmet for Class 3.
Rules vary by state and by the agency that manages each path or park, so check locally — trail signs and park websites usually say which classes are allowed.
"Class-switchable" bikes
Many newer bikes — including several Lectric, Rad Power Bikes and Velotric models — let you switch classes in the display settings. For example, a bike might ship as Class 2 and unlock Class 3 speeds in the menu. That's useful: you can ride as Class 1 on a trail and as Class 3 on the road. Just remember that the mode you're riding in is what counts where you are.
Which class should you buy?
- Mostly trails and bike paths: make sure the bike can run as Class 1.
- Short errands, stop-and-go traffic, or knee trouble: a throttle (Class 2) makes starts much easier.
- Longer commutes on roads: Class 3's 28 mph assist cuts travel time — at the cost of range, since air resistance climbs fast above 20 mph. The range estimator shows the difference.
Filter the comparison chart by class to see which bikes qualify.